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  Overview Ivermectin  is a novel, highly effective semi-synthetic antibiotic with insecticidal, acaricidal, and nematicidal properties. It functions as a neurotoxic agent and biological penetrant in insects. Its mechanism involves disrupting pest neurophysiology by stimulating γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) release at neuromuscular junctions, increasing chloride ion influx, inhibiting neural signal transmission, ultimately causing paralysis and death. The product appears as colorless to pale brown-yellow liquid. As a broad-spectrum, low-toxicity antiparasitic antibiotic, ivermectin demonstrates excellent efficacy against both endo- and ectoparasites, particularly nematodes and arthropods (though ineffective against cestodes, trematodes, and protozoa). Macrolide antiparasitics work by enhancing inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA release and opening glutamate-gated chloride channels, increasing neuronal membrane permeability to chloride ions, thereby blocking neural signals and induc...

  Veterinary Doxycycline Hyclate , also called doxycycline hydrochloride or deoxytetracycline, is a tetracycline antibiotic that has been widely used in veterinary clinics due to its broad-spectrum bacteriostatic properties. Compared to traditional oxytetracycline, doxycycline hyclate has 2 to 10 times higher antibacterial activity, making it an essential drug in livestock and poultry farming. This article will detail the main treatment targets and clinical applications of veterinary doxycycline hyclate. Doxycycline hyclate performs particularly well in treating respiratory diseases in livestock and poultry. Respiratory diseases are common in animal farming, including asthma, swine plague, atrophic rhinitis, etc. These diseases often cause symptoms like panting, coughing, and difficulty breathing in pigs, and may even lead to purple ear tips and full-body redness in severe cases. Poultry may also suffer from acute or chronic respiratory diseases, showing symptoms such as nasal disc...

  Enrofloxacin , as a third-generation fluoroquinolone drug specifically for animals, has played a significant role in aquaculture since its introduction due to its unique antibacterial mechanism and wide range of applications. This article will comprehensively elaborate on the important role of enrofloxacin in aquaculture from several aspects: basic characteristics, pharmacological effects, specific applications in aquaculture, safety, and rational use. I.  Basic Characteristics of Enrofloxacin Enrofloxacin, chemically known as ethyl cyclopropyl fluoroquinolone or ethyl cyclopropyl ciprofloxacin, was developed by Bayer AG in Germany and first marketed in New Zealand in 1987. China successfully developed and produced it in 1993, and it quickly became one of the important antibacterial drugs in aquaculture. Enrofloxacin is a light yellow or pale yellow crystalline powder, insoluble in water but easily soluble in sodium hydroxide solution, methanol, cyanomethane, and other organ...

  Florfenicol , as a synthetically produced monofluoro derivative of thiamphenicol, belongs to a new generation of animal-specific chloramphenicol-class (also known as amphenicol-class) broad-spectrum antibiotics. It does not carry the potential risk of causing aplastic anemia, making it relatively safe for clinical use. With the ban on chloramphenicol due to its severe suppression of bone marrow hematopoietic function and immunosuppressive effects, florfenicol has become its primary replacement, playing a crucial role in veterinary clinical practice. Physicochemical Properties: Florfenicol appears as a white or off-white crystalline powder, odorless. It is highly soluble in dimethylformamide, soluble in methanol, slightly soluble in glacial acetic acid, and practically insoluble in water and chloroform. The pH of its 5% aqueous solution ranges from 5 to 5. Mechanism of Action: Florfenicol enters bacterial cells via its lipophilic properties, primarily acting on the 50S subunit of ...

  In veterinary practice, we often encounter cases of poultry drug poisoning due to farmers' lack of knowledge about veterinary drug usage and indiscriminate overdosing. Below are toxic doses and side effects of poultry drugs (including banned ones) for reference. I. Drugs Prone to Cause Poultry Poisoning Olaquindox : Single dose >70 mg/kg body weight Mequindox : >1 g/kg body weight Halofuginone : Sensitive in geese, ducks, and guinea fowl; >9 ppm Potassium permanganate : >1‰ Copper sulfate : >5/10,000 Maduramicin : >7 ppm Furazolidone : Ducks are highly sensitive; >50 ppm Streptomycin : >500 mg/kg body weight Salt : >5‰ in feed Trichlorfon (organophosphate) : Oral dose >75 mg/kg (geese are more sensitive) Dimetridazole : Waterfowl sensitive; >2/10,000 Sulfonamides : Chronic overdosing Tetramisole : Geese are sensitive Salinomycin : Toxic to turkeys Monensin : Toxic to Japanese quail Dinitolmide : Toxic to pigeons Bromochloroketone : Impairs growth ...