Classification and Dosage of Veterinary Drug Products
I. β-Lactams β-Lactam antibiotics include penicillins, cephalosporins, and atypical β-lactams. These antibiotics are bactericidal during the reproductive phase. The efficacy of β-lactam antibiotics mainly depends on blood concentration levels. Higher blood concentrations in a shorter time are beneficial for treatment. The mechanism of β-lactam antibiotics is to inhibit bacterial cell wall synthesis, causing the loss of the protective cell wall, leading to bacterial swelling, deformation, and eventual rupture and death. β-Lactam antibiotics should not be combined with chloramphenicol, tetracyclines, or macrolides due to antagonistic effects. Combining β-lactam antibiotics with glucocorticoids (e.g., dexamethasone) can increase blood concentration but may also increase bleeding risk at high doses. β-Lactam antibiotics can be combined with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) to increase blood concentration and prolong half-life. NSAIDs include metamizole, aspirin, paracet...